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4 4 3 in X to ACCUMULATOR"; 2 PRODUCTS/CONTRACT BOOKS 2 A$="STUDIES": 2 A$="COMPUTER": 2 ;"LONGMAN SOFTWARE 2 ;" " 2 "DOUBLE WIDTH" 2 "DOUBLE HEIGHT" 2 to start work 2 VISICODE 2 END OF PROGRAM 2 Do you want some examples ? Press 2 1984 MERCURIAN PULP 2 SEARCHING AND LOADING 2 " 2 PLEASE WAIT " 2 1 w$=z$+w$+z$: 1 data for menus 1 a$=" TEXT ": 1 X ZERO:GOING": 1 X NOT ZERO:NO GO ": 1 Visicode 1 VISICODE 1 Text -V 1 TZXed by Andrew Barker 1 TEXT 1 ROM Loader 1 REGISTER Y 1 REGISTER X 1 Please select sub-section. 1 PUT X, PUT Y, ADD X ADD Y TAKE X TAKE Y CHECK, ZEROGO,NEGGO, GO, GOBACK,COUNT DOWN XZERO, END 1 Original Release 1 MORE TO COME. PRESS WHEN READY 1 M$=M$+" ": 1 INSTRUCTION OR 1 ILLEGAL INSTRUCION - CHECK CODES 1 I$(Q)=C$(CN,1 1 Educational 1 END c 1 Do you want them again? 1 Computer Studies - Side A 1 ACCUMULATOR 1 A$=" VISICODE ": 1 A COMPUTER HARDWARE B PERIPHERALS & MEDIA C SOFTWARE D APPLICATIONS & THEORY E END OF PROGRAM 1 ;z$;" *** INDICATES IMPORTANT IDEA ";Z$ 1 ;"used to store numbers." 1 ;"the calculations are done." 1 ;"references for that field." 1 ;"as a simple counter." 1 ;"and I will list all of my"; 1 ;"YOU COVERED"; 1 ;"The sum is in the ACCUMULTOR.": 1 ;"The result is in the ACCUMULTOR.": 1 ;"The X and Y REGISTERS can be"; 1 ;"The X REGISTER can also be used"; 1 ;"The ACCUMULATOR is where all"; 1 ;"Tell me your field of interest" 1 ;"TEXTBOOK": 1 ;"SELECT A FIELD": 1 ;"READ THE ENTRIES": 1 ;"Put 6 in REGISTER X"; 1 ;"Put 3 in REGISTER X."; 1 ;"Put 255 in REGISTER X."; 1 ;"Put 128 in REGISTER X"; 1 ;"KNOW THEM"; 1 ;"IN YOUR"; 1 ;"FIND THEM"; 1 ;"EVERYTHING?": 1 ;"DO YOU"; 1 ;" ";t$(n,1 1 ;" ";t$(tx,3 1 ;" ";p$(3 1 ;" 1 ,"p-Type Silicon","a8" 1 ,"n-Type Silicon","a8" 1 ,"Zone","b1" 1 ,"Zone Refining","a8" 1 ,"Xerographic Plotter","b2" 1 ,"X-Y Plotter","b2" 1 ,"Work Tape","b3" 1 ,"Work Station","b4","d1" 1 ,"Word","a5","c7" 1 ,"Word Processor","c1","d1","d2" 1 ,"Winchester Disk Drive ***","b3" 1 ,"Wafer","a8" 1 ,"Volatile Memory ***","a4" 1 ,"Voice Input","b1" 1 ,"Visual Display Unit","b2" 1 ,"Virtual Memory","b3" 1 ,"Viewdata","b5" 1 ,"Video Text","b5" 1 ,"Video Disk","b3" 1 ,"Very Large Scale Integration","a1" 1 ,"Verifier","b1" 1 ,"Variable ***","c7" 1 ,"Valve","a1" 1 ,"Validity Check","c2" 1 ,"Utility Programs","c1","d1" 1 ,"User Port","b2","b1" 1 ,"User Group","d2" 1 ,"Update","c6","c7" 1 ,"Underflow","d3" 1 ,"Uncommitted Logic Array","a3","a6" 1 ,"Ultra-High Frequency","b4" 1 ,"Two's Complement","d3" 1 ,"Truncation","d4" 1 ,"Tree","c2","c3" 1 ,"Transistor-Transistor Logic","a1","a6" 1 ,"Transistor","a1","a8" 1 ,"Tractor Feed","b2" 1 ,"Track","b3" 1 ,"Trace","c2","c1" 1 ,"Top Down","c2","d5" 1 ,"Timer","a3" 1 ,"Time Sharing","d1","d5" 1 ,"Third Generation","a1" 1 ,"Thin Film Memories","a8" 1 ,"Text Editor","c6","c1" 1 ,"Test Run","c2" 1 ,"Terminator","c6","c2" 1 ,"Terminal","b4","c3" 1 ,"Television","b5","b2" 1 ,"Teletext","b5" 1 ,"Telesoftware","b5" 1 ,"Teleprinter","b4","b2" 1 ,"Telecommunications","b4","b5" 1 ,"Teaching Machine","d2" 1 ,"Tape","b3" 1 ,"Tabulate","b2" 1 ,"Systems Analysis","c2","c3" 1 ,"System X","b4" 1 ,"Syntax","c4","c7" 1 ,"Synchronous Mode","c2" 1 ,"Symbolique d'Enseignement","c4" 1 ,"Symbolic Language","c4" 1 ,"Sub-routine","c2" 1 ,"Structured Programming","c2" 1 ,"String","c7" 1 ,"Stream","b4" 1 ,"Store","b3","a4" 1 ,"Stationery","b2" 1 ,"Stack ***","a3","a4" 1 ,"Speech Synthesizer","b2" 1 ,"Speech Recognition","b1" 1 ,"Sort","c7","c6" 1 ,"Soft Sectored Disk","b3" 1 ,"Small Scale Integration","a1" 1 ,"Sizing","d1","c2" 1 ,"Sir John Napier","a1" 1 ,"Simulation","c1" 1 ,"Simplex Operation","b4" 1 ,"Silicon","a8" 1 ,"Signal","b4","b5" 1 ,"Sign Bit","d3" 1 ,"Shift Register","a3" 1 ,"Shared Files","b3","b4" 1 ,"Seymour Cray","a1" 1 ,"Seven Segment Display","b2" 1 ,"Serial Transmission","b4" 1 ,"Serial Access Memory","c6","b3" 1 ,"Semi-Conductor","a8" 1 ,"Segment","c2" 1 ,"Sector","b3" 1 ,"Second Generation","a1" 1 ,"Search","c6" 1 ,"Scroll","b2" 1 ,"Screen","b2" 1 ,"Scratch Pad Memory","a4" 1 ,"Schema","c6" 1 ,"Scheduling","c2","d1" 1 ,"Scan","c6" 1 ,"Run","c7" 1 ,"Routine","c2","c7" 1 ,"Rounding ***","d4" 1 ,"Rogue Value ***","c6","c7" 1 ,"Robotics","d1" 1 ,"Right Shift","d4" 1 ,"Response Time","c7" 1 ,"Reserved Word","c7" 1 ,"Remote Job Entry","b1" 1 ,"Register","a3","c5" 1 ,"Record","c6",2 1 ,"Real Time","b4","d1","d5" 1 ,"Read/Write Memory","a4" 1 ,"Read Only Memory","a4" 1 ,"Re-run","c7" 1 ,"Re-boot","a5","d5" 1 ,"Raw Data","c6","b1",1 1 ,"Random Numbers","d3" 1 ,"Random Access Memory","a4" 1 ,"QWERTY Keyboard ***","b1" 1 ,"QUICKTRAN","c4" 1 ,"Punched Tape","b3","b1" 1 ,"Punched Card","b3","b1" 1 ,"Pseudo-Random","a5","c7" 1 ,"Prompt","b2" 1 ,"Programmable Read Only","a3" 1 ,"Production Control","d1" 1 ,"Process","c3" 1 ,"Procedure","c2" 1 ,"Printed Circuit Board","a3" 1 ,"Prestel","b5" 1 ,"Point of Sale Terminal","b4" 1 ,"Pixel","b2" 1 ,"Pilot","c4","d2" 1 ,"Path","c3","c7" 1 ,"Password","b4" 1 ,"Parity Bit","d3" 1 ,"Parameter","c2","d4" 1 ,"Parallel Transmission","b2","a5" 1 ,"Paper Tape","b1","b2","b3" 1 ,"Page","b2" 1 ,"Packing Density","b3" 1 ,"PUT Y,","99","ADD Y","","PUT Y,","22","TAKE Y","","END","" 1 ,"PUT Y,","32","ADD Y","","PUT Y,","5","TAKE Y","","COUNT","","CHECK,","4" 1 ,"PUT Y,","2","ADD Y","","CHECK,","12","ZEROGO,","3","GOBACK,","4","END","" 1 ,"PUT X,","5","PUT Y,","2","ADD Y","","DOWN","","XZERO,","3","GOBACK,","3","END","" 1 ,"PUT X,","3","ADD X","","PUT Y,","12","ADD Y","","END","" 1 ,"PL/1","c4" 1 ,"PASCAL","c4" 1 ,"Overlay","d5","c2" 1 ,"Overflow","d3" 1 ,"Oracle","b5" 1 ,"Optical Scanner","b1" 1 ,"Optical Disk","b3" 1 ,"Optical Char. 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,"Array","c7","c6" 1 ,"Arithmetic Logic Unit","a3" 1 ,"Argument ***","c7" 1 ,"Archived File","b3","c6" 1 ,"Architecture","a1","a2" 1 ,"Arcade Game","d2",2 1 ,"Applications Package","c1","d1" 1 ,"Analog Computer ***","a2" 1 ,"Amplifier","a3" 1 ,"Alphanumeric Code","c7" 1 ,"Algorithm","c7","d4" 1 ,"Algol","c4" 1 ,"Address Modification","c5" 1 ,"Address Bus","a3" 1 ,"Address ***","a5","c5" 1 ,"Adder ***","a3","a6" 1 ,"Acoustic Coupler","b4" 1 ,"Accumulator ***","c5","a3" 1 ,"Access Time","a5" 1 ,"Access Method","c2","b3","c6" 1 ,"Absolute Address","c5","a5" 1 ,"Abort","d5" 1 ,"Abacus","a1","a7" 1 ,"ASCII Code ***","a5","c7" 1 ,"AND gate","a6" 1 ,"A to D Converter","b1" 1 *Mercurian Pulp Products / Longman Software 1 ));" ";p$;z$( 1 ''" This program shows how machine"''" code can be used for simple"''" arithmetic and loops." 1 ''" The worst that can happen is"'" that it won't work - in which"'" case - check your codes and"'" start again." 1 ''" Plan out your program using"'" the HELP! page. Take particular" 1 '" Use the next section to key in"'" your program,then watch it run." 1 '" The HELP! page can be recalled"'" when keying in,without losing"'" any work already in." 1 '" For ease of use,VISICODE does"''" NOT use standard Z80 Assembler,"''" and the number of instructions"''" has been kept to the minimum." 1 "ZEROGO,","5","NEGGO,","3","GOBACK,","7","END","" 1 "You can add, or subtract a whole series of numbers. Keep PUTting numbers into a REGISTER and follow with an ADD or TAKE instruction." 1 "XZERO,n ","IF X=0 JUMP n PLACES","END "," STOP" 1 "When using any ""GO"" count from the ""GO"" to the target line. Include in the total ALL numbers and instructions to be jumped." 1 "Visicode" 1 "VISICODE" 1 "This program shows why ""proper"" Assembler needs so many different instructions. The 15 VISICODEs do not have the flexibility for anything more than simple division." 1 "TAKE X ","TAKE X number FROM ACC.","TAKE Y ","TAKE Y number FROM ACC." 1 "PUT X,n ","PUT n IN X REGISTER","PUT Y,n ","PUT n IN Y REGISTER" 1 "PUT X,","PUT Y,","ADD X","ADD Y","TAKE X","TAKE Y","CHECK,","ZEROGO,","NEGGO,","GO,","GOBACK,","COUNT","DOWN","XZERO,","END" 1 "NEGGO,N ","IF DIFF<0,JUMP n PLACES" 1 "In BASIC the X COUNTER would look like this: LET X=10 >>>> LET X=X-1 >>>>> IF X=0 THEN.... Note: ""XZERO"" is a ""GO"" instruction." 1 "GO,n ","JUMP n PLACES ON","GOBACK,n","JUMP n PLACES BACK" 1 "E END OF PROGRAM" 1 "D APPLICATIONS & THEORY" 1 "COUNT ","ADD 1 TO number IN X","DOWN ","TAKE 1 FROM number IN X" 1 "CHECK,n ","DIFFERENCE (ACC.-n)...","ZEROGO,n","IF DIFF=0,JUMP n PLACES" 1 "C SOFTWARE" 1 "B PERIPHERALS & MEDIA" 1 "ADD X ","ADD X number TO ACC.","ADD Y ","ADD Y number TO ACC." 1 "A COMPUTER HARDWARE" 1 "8 MANUFACTURE" 1 "7 PROGRAMMING TERMS" 1 "7 OTHER CALCULATING DEVICES" 1 "6 LOGIC CIRCUITS" 1 "6 DATA PROCESSING" 1 "5 OPERATIONS" 1 "5 MACHINE CODE" 1 "5 COMPUTER JARGON" 1 "5 BROADCASTING" 1 "4 NUMBER HANDLING" 1 "4 MEMORY" 1 "4 LANGUAGES" 1 "4 INTER-COMMUNICATIONNS" 1 "3 STORAGE MEDIA" 1 "3 NUMBER THEORY" 1 "3 FLOWCHARTS" 1 "3 COMPONENTS" 1 "2 TYPES OF COMPUTERS" 1 "2 PROGRAMMING THEORY" 1 "2 OUTPUT DEVICES" 1 "2 HOME & EDUCATION" 1 "1 TYPES OF PROGRAMS" 1 "1 INPUT DEVICES" 1 "1 DEVELOPMENT" 1 "1 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS" 1 "- SUBTRACTION -","","Use ADD to get","first number in","ACCUMULATOR.","TAKE subtracts","second number.","" 1 "*TIMES*TABLE*2*"," Shows loop &"," X as COUNTER.",""," GOBACK,3 loops"," to ADD Y line."," XZERO jumps"," on 5th DOWN." 1 "*TIMES*TABLE*1*"," Shows loop &"," CHECK on ACC.",""," GOBACK,4 loops"," to ADD Y line."," ZEROGO jumps "," if ACC.=12." 1 "","++ ADDITION ++",""," numbers PUT"," in X and Y"," ADDED in ACC.","","" 1 """PUT X,3"" stores 3 in REGISTER X. "" ADD X"" adds it to the 0 in the ACCUMULATOR. Either, or both, REGISTERS can be used in this way." 1 " care when calculating numbers"'" for ""GO""'s." 1 " / DIVISION /"," CHECK 4 and"," NEGGO used in"," case of uneven"," division."," Quotient in X."," Remainder in"," ACCUMULATOR." 1 to see this page again 1 to continue 1 shown on screen, press 1 n = Any number 1 in X from ACCUMULATOR"; 1 for Next 1 ZERO : GOING ": 1 YES?..."; 1 VISICODE INSTRUCTION SET 1 USING VISICODE 1 TO START 1 THE VISICODE MEMORIES " 1 Subtraction : 255-128=?" 1 RETURN TO MAIN CHOICE 1 PROGRAM READY - PRESS ANY KEY 1 PROGRAM READY 1 No more space!! Do you want to see if this works? 1 NOT ZERO:NO GO ": 1 NOT NEG: NO GO ": 1 NO INSTRUCTION 1 NEGATIVE: GOING ": 1 ILLEGAL JUMP. 1 FOR NEW FIELD 1 EVERY INSTRUCTION & NUMBER 1 END OF EXAMPLE PROGRAM ";I;" 1 Do you want to write another? Press 1 Do you want to see them again? Press 1 DIFFERENCE=";D;" ": 1 Compares n with number in ACC. 1 CHECKING ACC.": 1 Another example? 1 Add 2 numbers : 3+6=? " 1 AT GIVEN PLACE 1 ACC.= ACCUMULATOR 1 ""H"" FOR 1 ""G"" TO GO ON 1 STOP THE TAPE - PRESS ANY KEY 1 SEARCHING FOR ENTRIES ON...... 1 PROGRAM 1 PRESS A NUMBER TO SELECT 1 / DIVISION / CHECK 4 and NEGGO used in case of uneven division. Quotient in X. Remainder in ACCUMULATOR. W 1 TAKES ONE ""PLACE"" 1 REGISTERS "; 1 main data 1 MEANING 1 "; 1 "; 1 q 1 This program shows why "proper" Assembler needs so many different instructions. The 15 VISICODEs do not have the flexibility for anything more than simple division. 1 1